R18 rating and what applies

R18: Restricted 18.To be shown only in specially licensed cinemas, or supplied only in licensed sex shops, and to adults only.

The following content is not acceptable:
• material which is in breach of the criminal law,
including material judged to be obscene under the
current interpretation of the Obscene Publications Act
1959 (see Annexe)

• material (including dialogue) likely to encourage
an interest in sexually abusive activity which may
include adults role-playing as non-adults

• the portrayal of sexual activity which involves real
or apparent lack of consent. Any form of physical
restraint which prevents participants from indicating a
withdrawal of consent

• the infliction of pain or acts which may cause lasting
physical harm, whether real or (in a sexual context)
simulated. Some allowance may be made for
moderate, non-abusive, consensual activity
• penetration by any object associated with violence or
likely to cause physical harm

• sexual threats, humiliation or abuse which do not
form part of a clearly consenting role-playing game.
Strong physical or verbal abuse, even if consensual, is
unlikely to be acceptable

These Guidelines will be applied to the same
standard regardless of sexual orientation of the
activity portrayed.

18 rating and what applies

18: Only suitable for adults
Adults should be free to choose their own
entertainment. Exceptions are most likely
in the following areas:

• where the material is in breach of the criminal law,
or has been created through the commission of a
criminal offence

• where material or treatment appears to us to risk
harm to individuals or, through their behavior, to
society. For example, the detailed portrayal of violent
or dangerous acts, or of illegal drug use, which may
cause harm to public health or morals. This may
include portrayals of sadistic or sexual violence
which make this violence look appealing; reinforce
the suggestion that victims enjoy sexual violence; or
which invite viewer complicity in sexual violence or
other harmful violent activities

• where there are more explicit images of sexual
activity in the context of a sex work (see below) or
where the primary purpose of the images in question
is sexual arousal
In the case of video works, which may be more
accessible to younger viewers, intervention may be
more frequent than for cinema films.

Sex education at 18:
Where sex material genuinely seeks to inform and
educate in matters such as human sexuality or safer
sex and health, explicit images of sexual activity may
be permitted.

Sex works at 18:Sex works are works whose primary purpose is
sexual arousal or stimulation. Sex works containing
only material which may be simulated are generally
passed 18. Sex works containing clear images of real
sex, strong fetish material, sexually explicit animated
images, or other very strong sexual images will
be confined to the R18 category. Material which is
unacceptable in a sex work at R18 is also unacceptable
in a sex work at 18.

15 rating and what applies

15: Those of 15+
Discrimination: The work as a whole must not endorse
discriminatory language or behavior, although
there may be racist, homophobic or other
discriminatory themes and language.

Drugs: Drug taking may be shown but the work as a whole
must not promote or encourage drug misuse
(for example, through instructional detail). The
misuse of easily accessible and highly dangerous
substances (for example, aerosols or solvents) is
unlikely to be acceptable.

Imitable behavior: Dangerous behavior (for example, hanging, suicide
and self-harming) should not dwell on detail which
could be copied. Whether the depiction of easily
accessible weapons is acceptable will depend on
factors such as realism, context and setting.

Language: There may be strong language. Very strong language
may be permitted, depending on the manner in
which it is used, who is using the language, its
frequency within the work as a whole and any special
contextual justification.

Nudity: There are no constraints on nudity in a non-sexual or
educational context. There may be nudity in a sexual
context but usually without strong detail.
Sex: Sexual activity may be portrayed, but usually without
strong detail. There may be strong verbal references
to sexual behavior, but the strongest references are
unlikely to be acceptable unless justified by context.
Works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or
stimulation are unlikely to be acceptable.
Threat: There may be strong threat and horror. A sustained
focus on sadistic or sexual threat is unlikely to
be acceptable.

Violence: Violence may be strong but should not dwell on the
infliction of pain or injury. The strongest gory images
are unlikely to be acceptable. Strong sadistic violence
is also unlikely to be acceptable.
There may be detailed verbal references to sexual
violence but the depiction of sexual violence must be
discreet and justified by context

12/12A rating and what applies

12/12A: Suitable for 12+ audiences. May contain material that is not suitable for those under 12.

Discrimination: Discriminatory language or behaviour must not
be endorsed by the work as a whole. Aggressive
discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be
acceptable unless clearly condemned.

Drugs:Misuse of drugs must be infrequent and should not be
glamorized or give instructional detail.

Imitable behavior:No promotion of potentially dangerous behavior
which children are likely to copy. No glamorization of
realistic or easily accessible weapons such as knives.
No endorsement of anti-social behavior.

Language:There may be moderate language. Strong language may
be permitted, depending on the manner in which it is
used, who is using the language, its frequency within the
work as a whole and any special contextual justification.

Nudity:There may be nudity, but in a sexual context it must be
brief and discreet.

Sex:Sexual activity may be briefly and discreetly portrayed.
Moderate sex references are permitted, but frequent
crude references are unlikely to be acceptable.

Threat:There may be moderate physical and psychological
threat and horror sequences. Although some scenes
may be disturbing, the overall tone should not be.
Horror sequences should not be frequent or sustained.

Violence:There may be moderate violence but it should not
dwell on detail. There should be no emphasis on
injuries or blood, but occasional gory moments may be
permitted if justified by the context.
Sexual violence may only be implied or briefly and
discreetly indicated, and its depiction must be justified
by context.

PG rating and what applies

PG: PG or Parental guidance means that some scenes may be unsuitable for young children.

Discrimination: Discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to
be acceptable unless clearly disapproved of, or in an
educational or historical context, or in a particularly
dated work with no likely appeal to children.
Discrimination by a character with whom children can
readily identify is unlikely to be acceptable.

Drugs: References to illegal drugs or drug misuse must be
innocuous or carry a suitable anti-drug message.

Imitable behavior: No detail of potentially dangerous behavior which
young children are likely to copy, if that behavior is
presented as safe or fun. No glamorization of realistic
or easily accessible weapons such as knives. No focus
on anti-social behavior which young children are
likely to copy.

Language: Mild bad language only. Aggressive or very frequent
use of mild bad language may result in a work being
passed at a higher category.

Nudity:There may be nudity with no sexual context.

Sex:Sexual activity may be implied, but should be discreet
and infrequent. Mild sex references and innuendo only.

Threat: Frightening sequences or situations where characters
are in danger should not be prolonged or intense.
Fantasy settings may be a mitigating factor.

Violence: Violence will usually be mild. However there may be
moderate violence, without detail, if justified by its
context (for example, history, comedy or fantasy).

U rating and what applies

U: The U rating or Universal makes it suitable for all audiences ages 4+. This should be set within a positive framework and should offer reassuring counterbalances to any violence, threat or horror

Discrimination: discriminatory language or behavior is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly disapproved of.

Drugs: References to illegal drugs or drug misuse must be infrequent and innocuous, or have a clear educational purpose or anti-drug message suitable for young children. Potentially dangerous or anti-social behavior which young children may copy must be clearly
disapproved of. No emphasis on realistic or easily
accessible weapons.

Language:Infrequent use only of very mild bad language.

Nudity: Occasional nudity, with no sexual context.

Sex: Only very mild sexual behavior for example, kissing)
and references to such behavior

Threat:Scary or potentially unsettling sequences should be
mild, brief and unlikely to cause undue anxiety to
young children. The outcome should be reassuring.

Violence:Violence will generally be very mild. Mild violence
may be acceptable if it is justified by context (for
example, comedic, animated, wholly unrealistic).

Film Noir Fan Site

I have researched a lot about Film Noir and examples and have found a couple of fan sites that I have found useful or will be useful to me in the future. These sites include the background of the genre and the films themselves, as well as videos, pictures and articles to help explain and discuss the foundations and concept of Noir.

Film Noir Foundation: http://www.filmnoirfoundation.org/home.html

American Film Noir: http://americanfilmnoir.com/

Film Noir Studies: http://www.filmnoirstudies.com/more/index.asp

Film Site: http://www.filmsite.org/filmnoir.html

Noir of the week: http://www.noiroftheweek.com/

Film Noir examples

Below is a short production of examples featuring trailers of  Noir films I have made. These examples included have been selected throughout various periods of time from lest recent 1950's to 2012. This video I have made shows not only the transition of development through time.

These gives us an idea of the time period we want for our future noir project but also gives an insight as a few examples of film noir that include similar iconography, storyline and characters.

Iconography associated with film noir

In class, we made a list of which included subjects that were relevant to the Film Noir genre. This includes typical and almost stereotypical examples of what we thought that we should include in our future film and the identity of the genre. The list is as followed.

                      Other examples of common iconography include:

The highlighted words and phrases on this sheet show common iconography that I personally think that is used heavily in the Film Noir genre such as heavy lighting coming through blinds, Femme Fatales and the colour red. This can be later used in my opening title sequence to establish the Noir genre or as a basic basis that can be built upon to then later develop ideas that can be used.